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cumulative distributions  (MathWorks Inc)


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    MathWorks Inc cumulative distributions
    Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) <t>Cumulative</t> density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.
    Cumulative Distributions, supplied by MathWorks Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 2032 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Learning-dependent 4 Hz synchronization in the posterior striatum, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex"

    Article Title: Learning-dependent 4 Hz synchronization in the posterior striatum, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex

    Journal: iScience

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.113958

    Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) Cumulative density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) Cumulative density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.

    Techniques Used: Functional Assay



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    Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) <t>Cumulative</t> density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.
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    Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) <t>Cumulative</t> density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.
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    Image Search Results


    Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) Cumulative density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Learning-dependent 4 Hz synchronization in the posterior striatum, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.113958

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) Cumulative density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.

    Article Snippet: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to compare cumulative distributions (‘kstest.m’ function in MATLAB Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox).

    Techniques: Functional Assay

    The Weibull modulus (m) was the upward gradient of the line. The characteristic strength (σ 0 ) was the strength at a failure probability of approximately 63.2%.

    Journal: PeerJ

    Article Title: Effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed base resin materials: a comparative in vitro study

    doi: 10.7717/peerj.19141

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The Weibull modulus (m) was the upward gradient of the line. The characteristic strength (σ 0 ) was the strength at a failure probability of approximately 63.2%.

    Article Snippet: Additionally, a two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution was conducted on the flexural strength and impact strength (Origin(Pro), Version 2024; OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA.) to calculate the Weibull modulus and Scale parameter.

    Techniques:

    The Weibull modulus (m) was the upward gradient of the line. The characteristic strength (σ 0 ) was the strength at a failure probability of approximately 63.2%.

    Journal: PeerJ

    Article Title: Effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed base resin materials: a comparative in vitro study

    doi: 10.7717/peerj.19141

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The Weibull modulus (m) was the upward gradient of the line. The characteristic strength (σ 0 ) was the strength at a failure probability of approximately 63.2%.

    Article Snippet: Additionally, a two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution was conducted on the flexural strength and impact strength (Origin(Pro), Version 2024; OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA.) to calculate the Weibull modulus and Scale parameter.

    Techniques: